PRE- AND PROTO-HISTORIC FINNS

CHAPTER VII

CHARMS OF THE EAST FINNS, RUSSIANS, LETTS, ETC.

PAGE

Mordvin Charms

8

Čeremisian Charms

11

Votiak Charms

14

Lettish Charms

19

Great Russian Exorcisms

30

Post-Classical Charms

37

Swedish Charms

38

The Structure of the Magic Songs

40

Their Age

44

The Poetic Element—Similes

46

Figurative Expressions, Metaphors, Epithets

54

THE MAGIC SONGS OF THE FINNS

SECT.

1.

Preliminary Formula, a—d

65

2.

Defensive Measures, a—f

67

3.

Against Envy, a—d

70

4.

Vengeance Formula, a, b

72

p. vi

SECT.

PAGE

5.

To Discover the Cause, a—c

73

6.

Reparation for Harm, a, b

75

7.

Against Inflammation and Angry Symptoms, a—c

76

8.

Expulsion Formula, a—d

77

9.

Posting Formula, a, b

79

10.

Pain or Sickness Formula, a—d

81

11.

Reproaching Formula

82

12.

Falling into Ecstasy, a—c

83

13.

In Distress

84

14.

Boasting Formula, a—i

85

15.

To Still Violence, a, b

90

16.

Menacing Formula, a, b

92

17.

Exorcisms, a—z

94

18.

To Make Fast, a, b

106

WORDS OF HEALING POWER

19.

For Stings of Wasps, Gadflies, and other Insects, a, b

107

20.

For Sickness caused by Elf-shots, sudden Strokes, etc., a, b

108

21.

For the Toothache, a—c

109

22.

For Wounds caused by Hiisi

111

23.

For Whooping Cough

112

24.

For Injuries caused by Kalma

112

25.

When torn by a Bear or a Wolf

112

26.

For Contusions from a Stone, a, b

113

27.

For Syphilis, a, b

114

28.

To remove Tumours, Abscesses, Boils, a, b

116

29.

For Snake Bites, a—e

117

30.

For Gout or Heartburn

120

31.

For cutting off Excrescences

120

32.

For Contusions or Lesions, a, b

121

33.

For the Hiccough

122

34.

For Sprains, a—d

122

p. vii

SECT.

PAGE

35.

Against Nightmare

124

36.

For Frostbite, a, b

124

37.

For Stitch or Pleurisy, a—c

125

38.

For Contusions from Trees, a, b

127

39.

For Cancer or Whitlow, a, b

128

40.

For Injuries from Iron, a—d

129

41.

For Rickets, Atrophy

132

42.

For Injuries caused by Spells, a, b

133

43.

Against the Plague

134

44.

For Thrush

134

45.

For Pain in the Eye from Particles of Chaff, a, b

134

46.

For Disease in the Eye, a, b

136

47.

For a Lizard's Bite

137

48.

For Laceration by a Wolf

137

49.

For the Pains of Child-birth, a, b

138

50.

For the Itch

139

51.

For Skin Eruption

139

52.

For Burns, a—k

140

53.

For Scalds

144

54.

For Injuries from Copper

144

55.

For Hæmorrhage, a—f

144

56.

For Dropsy

147

57.

For Cough

148

58.

For Colic

148

FORMULÆ

59.

Divination Formula, a—c

150

60.

For a Bite from a Horse

151

61.

To make a Horse stand still

151

62.

Against Mice

151

63.

Against Spiders

152

64.

For a Cross-bow Man

152

p. viii

SECT.

PAGE

65.

For a Best Man

152

66.

Against Grubs, Slugs, etc., a, b

153

67.

For catching Hares, a, b

155

68.

For Fishing

156

69.

Against Bears, a—f

157

70.

To protect Cattle, a, b

160

71.

A Spear Charm

162

72.

For Dogs, a, b

163

73.

For taking Ermines

164

74.

To make Yeast rise

164

75.

To charm Snakes

164

76.

Court of Justice Charm

165

77.

For Sheep

166

78.

For Bathing Children

166

79.

To quiet a Child

166

80.

To excite Love, a—c

167

81.

To Alienate Love

170

82.

To take Redstarts

170

83.

For Fowling, a, b

170

84.

For making an Artificial Decoy Bird

171

85.

Against Bugs

171

86.

Against the Cowhouse Snake, a, b

171

87.

For making Vapour, a—c

172

88.

A Milk—charm, a—c

173

89.

Hunting Charm, a—f

175

90.

Against Forest Fires

180

91.

An Ale Charm

181

92.

For catching Squirrels, a, b

181

93.

Against Sharp Frost (Pakkanen), a—d

182

94.

A Snake Charm

185

95.

Against Rust in Corn, a, b

186

96.

Gelding Charm

186

97.

Frog Charm

187

p. ix

SECT.

PAGE

98.

To drive away Rain

180

99.

On going to the Wars, a, b

188

100.

To exorcise Wolves

189

101.

Charm to recite over Salt

190

102.

For Health, a, b

190

103.

Against Cockroaches

191

104.

To lay the Wind

191

105.

To lay a Whirlwind

192

106.

To be recited over Water

192

107.

For a Journey by Water, a—d

192

108.

Trap Charm

194

109.

Ointments, a—l

195

PRAYERS

110.

In the Morning

198

111.

Treasure Seeking

199

112.

Against Elf-shots

199

113.

Against Wasps

199

114.

Against Toothache, a—c

199

115.

For Horses, a—c

201

116.

When Gored by an Ox

202

117.

At a Bridal Procession, a, b

202

118.

For catching Hares, a—c

204

119.

Against Cabbage Grubs

205

120.

For Fishing, a—f

206

121.

Bear Hunting

207

122.

Against a Bear, a—c

208

123.

To Benefit Cattle, a—l

210

124.

At the Assizes

215

125.

To incite a Dog

215

126.

To silence a Dog, a—c

216

127.

When Shooting Rapids, a—c

217

p. x

SECT.

PAGE

128.

When in Great Pain, a—i

218

129.

To Charm away Strumous Swellings on the Neck, a, b

221

130.

While Sowing, a—c

222

131.

To Stupefy a Snake

223

132.

To Increase the Yield of Milk from Cows, a—d

223

133.

To Excite Love, a—g

225

134.

To Wean a Heart from Another's Love

230

135.

When Excising Superfluous Flesh

230

136.

For Catching Birds, a—c

230

137.

On Gering to Bed

232

138.

Starting on a Journey

233

139.

Hunting in the Forest, a—u

233

140.

For Sprains, Injuries of the Bone or Sinews, a—d

244

141.

When Butted by a Ram or a He-goat

246

142.

Brewing Ale, a, b

246

143.

For Good Luck

247

144.

Squirrel-Hunting, a—d

248

145.

Against Nightmare

249

146.

Against Swellings and Scab, a—d

249

147.

Against very Sharp Frost, a—b

250

148.

For Catching Reindeer

251

149.

For Pleurisy or Stitch, a—g

252

150.

To Throw a Spell over a Gun

255

151.

Setting Traps, a—c

255

152.

For a Good Sleighing Road

257

153.

For Catching Foxes, a—c

257

154.

Against Injuries from Spells, a—e

259

155.

For Trapping Sea—otters

260

156.

To Drive away Rain

261

157.

When Charming the Sick, a—e

261

158.

Castration, a, b

263

159.

Preparing a Bandage, a, b

264

160.

Against Bits of Chaff, etc., in the Eye, a, b

264

p. xi

SECT.

PAGE

161.

For the Pigs

265

162.

In War Time, a—f

265

163.

Preparing for War, a, b

267

164.

To Make Snow-skates

268

165.

Against Incantations, a, b

268

166.

For the Pains of Child-birth, a—h

269

167.

Setting Up House

273

168.

For Skin Eruptions

273

169.

For a Healing Bath, a—c

274

170.

For Making Edged Tools

276

171.

Against Damage from Fire, a—m

277

172.

To Bewitch Fire, a—d

281

173.

In Making an Offering, a—d

282

174.

To Recover Stolen Property

284

175.

To Guard against Thieves

284

176.

When on the Look-out, a—v

284

177.

To Staunch Blood, a—k

293

178.

When Travelling by Water, a—d

297

179.

To Fortify Water

298

180.

Against an Enemy at Sea, a—b

299

181.

When Using Salves, a—k

299

182.

For a Good Crop

304

ORIGINS OR BIRTHS

183.

The Origin of Wasps

304

184.

Of Snails

304

185.

Of the Tooth-worm, a—g

304

186.

Of the Pike

307

187.

Of the Horse

307

188.

Of the Elk

307

189.

Of Ague

308

190.

Of the Seal

308

p. xii

SECT.

PAGE

191.

Of Men

308

192.

Of the Cabbage-worm

309

193.

Of the Bear, a—c

309

194.

Of Courts of Law

311

195.

Of the Cat

312

196.

Of Stone, a, b

312

197.

Of Cancer or Whitlow

312

198.

Of the Dog, a, b

313

199.

Of the Birch

314

200.

Of the Raven, a, b

314

201.

Of Swelling on the Neck

315

202.

Of the Viper, a, b

316

203.

Of the Snake, a—g

317

204.

Of Flax, a—c

322

205.

Of the Cowhouse Snake, a—f

323

206.

Of the Earth-elf or Skin Eruption, a, b

327

207.

Of the Sorcerer (noita)

327

208.

Of Arrows, a, b

328

209.

Of Ale, a, b

328

210.

Of Sharp Frost, a—c

332

211.

Of Stitch or Pleurisy, a—d

335

212.

Of Trees, a—i

342

213.

Of Cancer

346

214.

Of Iron, a—f

347

215.

Of Rickets, Atrophy

356

216.

Of Injuries caused by Spells, a—e

357

217.

Of Rust in Corn

365

218.

Of Scab

365

219.

Of the Pig

365

220.

Of Particles of Chaff in the Eye

365

221.

Of the Lizard, a—d

366

222.

Of the Wolf, a—c

369

223.

Of Salt

370

p. xiii

SECT.

PAGE

224.

Of the Oak, a—e

371

225.

Of the Titmouse

375

226.

Of Fire, a—f

375

227.

Of Copper, a, b

381

228.

Of Water, a—d

381

229.

Of a Boat

383

230.

Of a Net, a—c

383

231.

Of Brandy

384

232.

Of Salves, a—g

385

233.

Of Gripes, Colic, Constipation, a—c

389

Index

391