а

------

a [as in Italian].

б

------

b

в

------

v

г

------

g

д

------

d

(дь

------

dy)

е

------

ye or e [e as in Italian]

ж

------

ž [s in leisure].

з

------

z

и, і

------

as in Italian: but short.

й

------

y or ï.

к

------

k

л

------

l

(ль

------

l’)

м

------

m

н

------

n

(нь

------

ń) [ñ Spanish, or gn Italian].

о

------

o [always short].

п

------

p

р

------

r

рь

------

ŕ

с

------

s

(сь

------

ś) [s in sibilant].

(т

------

t’) [ty in don't-yer know].

у

------

u [as in Italian].

ф, θ

------

f

х

------

kh [German ch].

ц

------

ts

ч

------

č [ch in Church]

ш

------

š [sh in shall]

щ

------

šč [like shch in fresh-cheese]

ь

------

mute [when sounded in Old Russian = ə or e in German Rose

ы

------

y [i in will]

ь

------

[mute]

ѣ

------

ĕ [ye in yes]

э

------

e [e in ell]

ю

------

yu ['u' in 'use' but shorter]